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If these numerical values in package.json and package-lock.json do not match, package-lock.json is written to with those new values, and new modifiers such as the caret and tilde if they are present. If these numerical values in package.json and package-lock.json match, package-lock.json is read from. Package-lock.json is written to when a numerical value in a property such as the "version" property, or a dependency property is changed in package.json. If there's already a shrink wrap file in the project then this will be used instead of any lock file. The previous npm-shrinkwrap.json did pretty much the same thing but the lock file renames it so that it's function is clearer. This allows you to guarantee your dependency tree for other developers or for releases whilst still allowing testing of new dependency versions (direct or indirect) using your standard package.json. #PACKAGE.JSON CARET MEANING FULL#The solution to all this is the lock file which as described above locks in the versions of the full dependency tree. npm supports some wildcards in this semver. #PACKAGE.JSON CARET MEANING INSTALL#Secondly you might want to allow non-breaking changes (based on semantic versioning) of your direct dependencies which gives you even less control of nested dependencies plus you again can't guarantee that your direct dependencies won't at some point break semantic versioning rules themselves. When you install a package with npm (and save it), an entry is added to your package.json containing the package name, and the semver that should be used. This means with the standard package.json you can't control the versions of those nested dependencies, referencing them directly or as peer dependencies won't help as you also don't control the version tolerance that your direct dependencies define for these nested dependencies.Įven if you lock down the versions of your direct dependencies you cannot 100% guarantee that your full dependency tree will be identical every time. Bear in mind that your package.json contains only your direct dependencies, not the dependencies of your dependencies (sometimes called nested dependencies). To answer jrahhali's question below about just using the package.json with exact version numbers. To facilitate greater visibility of tree changes through readable source control diffs.Īnd optimize the installation process by allowing npm to skip repeated metadata resolutions for previously-installed packages." Edit Provide a facility for users to "time-travel" to previous states of node_modules without having to commit the directory itself. This file is intended to be committed into source repositories, and serves various purposes:ĭescribe a single representation of a dependency tree such that teammates, deployments, and continuous integration are guaranteed to install exactly the same dependencies. It describes the exact tree that was generated, such that subsequent installs are able to generate identical trees, regardless of intermediate dependency updates. Package-lock.json is automatically generated for any operations where npm modifies either the node_modules tree, or package.json. ![]() ![]() It also has a mechanism to lock the tree but generally will regenerate if package.json changes. This means you can guarantee the dependencies for other developers or prod releases, etc. #PACKAGE.JSON CARET MEANING PATCH#This could lead to a breaking change for a project, thus, npm errs on the cautious side and grabs only the patch versions.It stores an exact, versioned dependency tree rather than using starred versioning like package.json itself (e.g. ![]() This makes sense as indicated in the quote above, some developers until they reach 1.0 like to treat the-minor version of the application as a “major” change. So, if the package you’re trying to grab has the latest version as 0.11.0 and in your pacakge.json file it is set as ^0.10.5, npm will only grab any patch level updates to the pacakge and not the 0.11.0 version. What this means is the caret ~ tells npm to only grab the latest package based on where the non-zero number is in a package’s version number. Many authors treat a 0.x version as if the x were the major “breaking-change” indicator. In other words, this allows patch and minor updates for versions 1.0.0 and above, patch updates for versions 0.X >=0.1.0, and no updates for versions 0.0.X. Not knowing the answer right away, I dug around npm’s documentation regarding how they use semvar versioning and found this interesting bit in the caret section.Īllows changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero digit in the tuple. What I didn’t know until today is that, this rule only applies to versions that have reached at least version 1.0.0.Ī reader had reached out on Twitter and mentioned this, In my article about the tilde ~ and the caret ~ in package.json files used to manage project dependencies with npm, I mentioned that the caret symbol is used to grab either the latest minor and patch versions of a package. ![]()
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